During World War II, European artists fled to the United States, shifting the center of the art world from Paris to New York. They try to create a very direct style of painting that is spontaneous, expressional, and universal. They are highly influenced by automatism.
Like the surrealists, the Abstract Expressionists are influenced by psychoanalysis. Instead of Freud, they are reading the Swiss psychoanalyst Junge’s work about the collective unconscious: the idea of one’s individual private memories and experiences, there is a storehouse of feelings and symbolic associations that are common to all humanity. These are called archetypes.